1As thousands of Cherokees marched west along the Trail of Tears in 1838, 800 Potawatomis, most belonging to Chief Menominee’s band, were forcibly removed from their homelands in northwestern Indiana to eastern Kansas. Approximately 43 people, including at least 28 children, died along the 660-mile route, which became known as the Trail of THIS

5During Andrew Jackson’s presidency alone (1829–1837), some 46,000 Native people were removed to the West, opening more than 100 million acres of tribal land for THIS COLOR of European settlement

8Jeremiah Evarts using the pseudonym William Penn, the name of the seventeenth-century Quaker founder of Pennsylvania and apostle of peace with Indians, Evarts reminded readers of America’s moral obligation to DO THIS treaties with Native nations

9After removal, former Choctaw and Chickasaw lands in Mississippi became a magnet for men looking to get rich quickly by buying land cheaply and reselling it at a profit. In 1836, one such man on the make declared that Mississippi was “in truth the only country I ever read or heard of, where a poor man could in 2 or 3 years . . . become LIKE TRUMP”

12One-quarter of the Choctaw Nation took advantage of an 1830 treaty provision that allowed them to remain in Mississippi if they registered for private land allotments and obeyed state laws. Many Choctaws later lost their Mississippi lands to shady BUSINESS MEN/CONTRACTORS? who purchased the property for a fraction of its worth

14The legendary frontiersman and Tennessee congressman Davy ________ opposed the Indian Removal Act, declaring that his decision would “not make me ashamed in the Day of Judgment

15In 1807, Shawnee chief Catahecassa (Black Hoof) and his band welcomed the arrival of a Quaker missionary who encouraged them to adopt Anglo-American farming methods at Wapakoneta, their village in Ohio. The Shawnees began to use plows to till sprawling fields planted with crops that were enclosed by wooden fences. Some Shawnees built log homes, raised livestock, tended orchards, and used local sawmills and gristmills. But following the “white man’s road” failed to protect the Shawnees from land-hungry Americans. In 1831, they signed a removal treaty in which they agreed to immigrate to THIS STATE

16Approximately 8,000 Cherokees died during removal to Indian Territory in 1838–1839. One of the victims was Quatie, wife of Cherokee chief John Ross, who contracted THIS after giving her blanket to a sick child

2Indian removal was THIS. The U.S. government paid $20 million (about $4,545.45 per person) to relocate some 4,400 Seminoles from Florida to Indian Territory from the 1830s–1850s

3In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the Cherokee Nation was sovereign and that the State of Georgia had no right to extend its laws over the nation. Ignoring the ruling, President Andrew Jackson supported Georgia’s attempts to DO THIS the Cherokee from their lands

4Between 1830 and 1850, the U.S. government used treaties, gun-and bayonet-toting soldiers, and private contractors to remove about 100,000 Native Americans from their eastern homelands to territories west of this River

6THEY were deeply divided over the Indian Removal Act. The U.S. Senate vote was 28 to 19 in favor. The vote in the House of Representatives was even closer, 102 to 97. President Andrew Jackson signed the measure into law on May 28, 1830

7In 1829, the DISCIPLE OF CHRIST missionary Jeremiah Evarts published a series of newspaper articles that blasted U.S. Indian removal, then being debated in Congress

9For many tribal nations, Indian removal involved constant uprooting and relocation. The HoChunk were removed from Wisconsin to northeastern Iowa (1840–1846), from Iowa to Long Prairie, Minnesota (1846–1855), from Long Prairie to Blue Earth, Minnesota (1855–1863), from Blue Earth to Crow Creek, South Dakota (1863–1865), and finally to Nebraska in 1865. Some 700 Ho-Chunk died in the shuffle. By 1880, half of the nation had returned to THIS STATE

10During the Muscogee (Creek) removal of 1836, Chief Eneah Micco and his people were chained and force-marched from east THIS STATE to Montgomery. One observer remarked that it moved “the stoutest heart . . . to see . . . a once mighty people fettered and chained

11The name Trail of Tears first appeared in print in 1908, when it was used to describe Indian removal in a history of THIS STATE

13Today how many people feel that Life, Liberty, the pursuit of happiness and freedom has also been removed as the Indians were. I hope this word puzzle of American history illustrates how on 28 May, 2025, NOTHING has done this